En Ecuador, la minería ilegal de oro se ha expandido en los últimos años a la provincia amazónica del Napo, donde se mezcla lo legal y lo ilegal.

Gold production figures in Bolivia have not matched the amount of gold finally exported. Meanwhile, dredges continue to take over Amazon rivers.

There are groups linked to one of Brazil's largest criminal groups —the Red Command— operating in the new hotspots of illegal mining in the Amazon.

In the Amazon of Brazil, Itaituba, on the banks of the Tapajós River, has become the main illegal gold laundering center in this country.